What to check for cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in women, and early screening and prevention are crucial. In recent years, with the increase in health awareness, cervical cancer screening has become a hot topic. This article will introduce in detail the content, methods and precautions of cervical cancer examination, and provide structured data for reference.
1. Main contents of cervical cancer examination
Cervical cancer screening mainly includes the following items:
| Check items | Check content | Applicable people |
|---|---|---|
| HPV test | Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection | Women over 21 years old |
| TCT examination | Thin-layer liquid-based cytology examination to observe changes in cervical cells | Women over 21 years old |
| colposcopy | Observe cervical tissue under magnification to detect abnormal lesions | Those with abnormal HPV or TCT |
| Biopsy | Removal of cervical tissue for pathological analysis | suspected cancer |
2. Precautions for Cervical Cancer Examination
1.Check time: It is recommended to check 3-7 days after the end of menstruation to avoid menstrual period and ovulation period.
2.Preparation before inspection: Avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal douching and the use of vaginal medications within 24 hours before the examination.
3.Check frequency: Women aged 21-29 should have a TCT examination every 3 years; women aged 30-65 should have a combined HPV and TCT examination every 5 years, or a TCT examination alone every 3 years.
4.Post-examination care: There may be slight bleeding or discomfort after the examination, which is normal. If the bleeding is large or lasts for a long time, you should seek medical treatment in time.
3. High-risk factors for cervical cancer
Understanding the risk factors for cervical cancer can help with early prevention and screening:
| high risk factors | Description |
|---|---|
| HPV infection | High-risk HPV (such as types 16 and 18) is the main cause of cervical cancer |
| smoking | Smoking reduces immunity and increases the risk of persistent HPV infection |
| low immune system | Such as those infected with HIV or those taking immunosuppressants for a long time |
| multiple sex partners | Increase the chance of HPV infection |
| long-term oral contraceptives | Use more than 5 years may increase risk |
4. Preventive Measures for Cervical Cancer
1.Get HPV vaccine: The HPV vaccines currently on the market in China include bivalent, quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines, which can effectively prevent high-risk HPV infections.
2.Regular screening: Even if you are vaccinated, you still need to have regular cervical cancer screenings.
3.healthy lifestyle: Stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption, eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, and enhance immunity.
4.safe sex: Use condoms to reduce the risk of HPV infection.
5. Early symptoms of cervical cancer
Cervical cancer may have no obvious symptoms in its early stages, but as the disease progresses:
| Symptoms | Description |
|---|---|
| abnormal vaginal bleeding | Non-menstrual bleeding, post-coital bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, etc. |
| abnormal vaginal discharge | Increased amount, odor or blood |
| pelvic pain | Dyspareunia or unexplained pelvic pain |
| Frequency and urgency of urination | caused by tumor compressing the bladder |
6. Frequently asked questions about cervical cancer screening
1.Will the examination hurt?Most cervical cancer tests (such as TCT and HPV tests) only have mild discomfort and are not very painful.
2.What should I do if the test results are abnormal?If the test results are abnormal, the doctor will recommend further examination or treatment according to the situation, so there is no need to panic.
3.Do I still need to check after menopause?Yes, postmenopausal women are still at risk for cervical cancer and should continue to be screened regularly.
4.Do I still need to check after vaccination?Yes, the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV types and regular screening is still required.
Conclusion:
Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, and regular examinations and early detection are key. It is recommended that female friends pay attention to cervical health and choose an appropriate screening program according to their own situation. If you have any questions or discomfort, you should consult a professional doctor in time.
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